Elektroacupunctuur werkt volgens 4 biologische mechanismen!

De 2 Herz effecten waren te remmen met farmacologische stoffen die de opiaat receptoren en de NMDA-receptoren remmen, de 100 Herz effecten waren te remmen via het GABA en het serotonerge systeem.[1] Elektroacupunctuur werkt via 4 verschillende biologische systemen!  Of in de woorden van de onderzoekers: 

the 2 Hz EA-induced spinal LTD could be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 or by opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, but not by GABA-A receptor antagonist bicuculline or non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist methysergide. As a control, MK-801 or naloxone given alone had no significant effect on the C-fiber-evoked potentials. These results indicate that the 2 Hz EA-induced spinal LTD was dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors and opioid receptors, but not GABA-A or 5-HT receptors.  

Another interesting finding in the present study was that 100 Hz EA induced LTD of the C-fiber-evoked potentials in sham-operated rats, but LTP in SNL rats. The 100 Hz EA-induced LTD in sham-operated rats could be blocked only by a combined pretreatment of bicuculline and methysergide. These results suggested that the high-frequency EA-induced LTD in normal rats was very different from the low-frequency EA-induced LTD in SNL rats. The former was another form of heterosynaptic LTD, which was dependent on the tonic endogenous inhibition, probably the endogenous GABAergic and serotonergic inhibitory system.

Uit deze studie blijkt dus iets vrij bijzonders: elektroacupunctuur, waarbij de zogenaamde HAN frequentie gegeven wordt (2 en 100 Hertz afwisselend) werkt pijnremmend via 4 verschillende biologische wegen: via de wegen van de endogene opiaten, serotonine, NMDA en GABA.  Natuurlijk is het verder boeiend dat gekozen was voor een pijnmodel van neuropathische pijn, een van de meest moeilijk te behandelen pijnvormen.

Deze uitkomsten sluiten naadloos aan bij de moderne inzichten over de rol van bepaalde potentiaalverschijnselen in het ruggenmerg bij neuropathische pijnen en de rol van bepaalde neurotransmittersstoffen die door de akupunctuur vrijkomen. [2]. Voorts sluiten de resultaten aan bij ouder onderzoek, waaruit ook bleek dat elektroacupunctuur duidelijk meetbare biologtische effecten heeft. [1]

Ondat er enkelen zijn die bewust lijkt het wel dit artikel niet goed lazen, of het het acronym EA (elektro-acupunctuur) niet kennen of willen kennen (zie hieronder en op de blog van de onuitsprekelijke naam Cryptoc…) Het volgende. Het gaat hier echt om  een experimentele studie rond de elektro-acupunctuur. De krtieken dat de voorzitter van IOCOB de boel vals voorlicht moet dan ook met klem van de hand gewezen worden, de reviewer heeft een fout artikel gelezen en besproken….

Document title:

Long-term synaptic plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn and its modulation by electroacupuncture in rats with neuropathic pain

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

XING Guo-Gang ⁽¹⁾ ; LIU Feng-Yu ⁽¹⁾ ; QU Xiao-Xiu ⁽¹⁾ ; HAN Ji-Sheng ⁽¹⁾ ; YOU WAN ⁽¹⁾ ;

Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Beijing 100083, CHINE

Abstract

Our previous study has reported that electroacupuncture (EA) at low frequency of 2 Hz had greater and more prolonged analgesic effects on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia than that EA at high frequency of 100 Hz in rats with neuropathic pain. However, how EA at different frequencies produces distinct analgesic effects on neuropathic pain is unclear. Neuronal plastic changes in spinal cord might contribute to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. In the present study, we investigated changes of spinal synaptic plasticity in the development of neuropathic pain and its modulation by EA in rats with neuropathic pain. Field potentials of spinal dorsal horn neurons were recorded extracellularly in sham-operated rats and in rats with spinal nerve ligation (SNL). We found for the first time that the threshold for inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) of C-fiber-evoked potentials in dorsal horn was significantly lower in SNL rats than that in sham-operated rats. The threshold for evoking the C-fiber-evoked field potentials was also significantly lower, and the amplitude of the field potentials was higher in SNL rats as compared with those in the control rats. EA at low frequency of 2 Hz applied on acupoints ST 36 and SP 6, which was effective in treatment of neuropathic pain, induced long-term depression (LTD) of the C-fiber-evoked potentials in SNL rats. This effect could be blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 and by opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. In contrast, EA at high frequency of 100 Hz, which was not effective in treatment of neuropathic pain, induced LTP in SNL rats but LTD in sham-operated rats. Unlike the 2 Hz EA-induced LTD in SNL rats, the 100 Hz EA-induced LTD in sham-operated rats was dependent on the endogenous GABAergic and serotonergic inhibitory system. Results from our present study suggest that (1) hyperexcitability in the spinal nociceptive synaptic transmission may occur after nerve injury, which may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain; (2) EA at low or high frequency has a different effect on modulating spinal synaptic plasticities in rats with neuropathic pain. The different modulation on spinal LTD or LTP by low- or high-frequency EA may be a potential mechanism of different analgesic effects of EA on neuropathic pain. LTD of synaptic strength in the spinal dorsal horn in SNL rats may contribute to the long-lasting analgesic effects of EA at 2 Hz.

Revue / Journal Title

Experimental neurology   ISSN 0014-4886   CODEN EXNEAC 

Source / Source

2007, vol. 208, n^o2, pp. 323-332 [10 page(s) (article)] (1 p.1/2)